In the end, the solution turned out to be very counterintuitive:

I had to use /nodefaultlib on libucrt.lib, and then link libucrt.lib

The specific line in my CMakeLists (for the Intel compiler, which uses /Qoption,link, as a prefix for the linker option) was as follows:

target_link_options(MyTarget PUBLIC /Qoption,link,/NODEFAULTLIB:libucrt.lib libucrt.lib)