Circular Reference:

• News holds a Set<NewsReactions>, and each NewsReactions holds a reference back to News.

  • When Java calculates the hash code for these entities (like when adding to a Set), it triggers a recursive call: News → NewsReactions → News → and so on, leading to infinite recursion and eventually a StackOverflowError.

Solutions:

1. Override equals() and hashCode() Carefully:

   • Avoid including relationships (especially bidirectional ones) that can cause cyclic calls in equals() and hashCode(). Use only immutable and unique fields (like the ID).

2. Fix in News and NewsReactions:

   • Modify both classes to override equals() and hashCode() using only the id field