The javax.print.PrintServiceLookup class itself relies on the underlying operating system and network configuration to discover and interact with printers. So you can either try to inject the settings from your host computer (if its a unix based system) or you have to install the printer inside your container. The latter would even decouple the execution of the container from the executing host system.

Maybe this article is helping you out: https://www.alecburton.co.uk/2017/printing-from-a-docker-container/