I read the article linked in the first comment and solved it!

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

Instead of adding a header file like above, I added only the necessary files as shown below.

#include <string>
#include <array>
#include <bitset>
#include <utility>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <future>

And adding -stdlib=libc++ to the compile command solved it!

g++ -std=c++17 -stdlib=libc++ -I/opt/homebrew/opt/cryptopp/include/cryptopp -L/opt/homebrew/opt/cryptopp/lib -lcryptopp DES_Encryption.cpp -o DES_Encryption && ./DES_Encryption

Thank you to everyone who responded.