You can simply use code --version command in a terminal like that

code --version

or

code --version | head -1

For example:

code --version will return you Version, Commit and type of OS:

1.99.2
4948501c480d4cab945e3c0c6d400348da7f474b
x64

code --version | head -1 will return you only Version:

1.99.2