I tried to find the solution for this and it was not so easy - so I will add my experience here.

I had a very similar issue on VS2022 pro with a solution containing multiple projects, one a blazor wasm project and another one an api project. When clicking on "debug", the applications seemed to run (in the sense no issue was visible in the netcore command windows) but no browser was opened. When stopping the debugger, a popup "unable to connect to web server https" appeared.

Ultimately, a full repair of VS2022, followed by a restart, fixed it.

A surprise to me was that whatever was causing this issue with vs2022, it ALSO caused an issue with Netskope client (a vpn), failing to connect and also failing on reinstall. After the vs2022 repair, this started working again too.

Cheers.