What helped me with formatting is Clang-Format extension. The only setting I have in my config file with regards to C++ formatting is the following:

{
    // ...
    "[cpp]": {
        "editor.defaultFormatter": "xaver.clang-format"
    }
}

By the way, I can see this setting in your configuration file:

"C_Cpp.intelliSenseEngine": "Disabled",

It seems that you might have installed some alternative IntelliSense engine like clangd which also takes responsibility for formatting. I got problems with ignoring my project's .clang-format file right after installing clangd extension and the solution was to install Clang-Format extension alongside its clangd counterpart and to set the former as default (see editor.defaultFormatter property in my config above).