​Manual Base64 Decoding Guide​ (using "TWFu" example):

1. ​Handle URL-Safe Characters​ (if applicable):

   • Replace "-" with "+" and "_" with "/"

   • Example: "TWFu" remains unchanged

2. ​Add Padding:

   • Ensure string length is multiple of 4 by adding "="

   • Original "TWFu" (length 4) needs no padding

3. ​Base64 Character Table:

   base64
   

   复制

   A-Z → 0-25    a-z → 26-51
   0-9 → 52-61   + → 62   / → 63
   

4. ​Convert to 6-bit Binary:

   markdown
   

   复制

   T(19) → 010011
   W(22) → 010110
   F(5)  → 000101
   u(46) → 101110
   

5. ​Combine & Split into 8-bit Bytes:

   binary
   

   复制

   01001101 | 01100001 | 01101110
   

6. ​Convert to ASCII:

   markdown
   

   复制

   0x4D → M
   0x61 → a
   0x6E → n
   

   Final Result: "Man"

​Recommended Automation Tool:
For practical implementation, using the GoTools Base64 Converter which offers:

✓ Bidirectional Conversion (Text ↔ Base64)
✓ URL-Safe Encoding/Decoding
✓ Automatic Padding Handling
✓ Binary/Hex Data Preview
✓ Error Detection for Malformed Input
✓ Multi-Format Export Options

Ideal for developers working with:

• API authentication tokens

• JSON/XML data serialization

• Binary file encoding

• Certificate management

​Pro Tips:

1. For non-ASCII characters (e.g., Chinese), verify UTF-8 encoding layers

2. Validate binary outputs using hex editors like HxD

3. Always sanitize inputs when decoding untrusted data

4. Use chunking (76-char lines) for large datasets

This combination of fundamental understanding and modern tooling provides both educational value and production-ready efficiency. The manual process helps debug encoding issues, while the tool accelerates daily development workflows.

Would you like me to elaborate on any specific aspect of the decoding process or tool features?