The issue was indeed related to the apache-airflow-providers-fab package, as suggested by @bcincy's comment.
x-airflow-common:
&airflow-common
# ... other common settings ...
environment:
&airflow-common-env
# ... existing environment variables (including AIRFLOW__CORE__BASE_URL) ...
# Modified this line to add the FAB provider package:
_PIP_ADDITIONAL_REQUIREMENTS: ${_PIP_ADDITIONAL_REQUIREMENTS:-} apache-airflow-providers-fab==2.0.2
# ... rest of environment variables ...
docker compose down
docker compose up -d