It is definitely possible to create projects in HTML and CSS only (I actually have done a few paid customer projects like that). Examples are:
JS is anyways not a requirement on a website, nowadays many animations and other functionality can be done in CSS, forms did always work without JS. JS is only needed for advanced functionality on the page.
The other thing that is required to publish a website is a web server that is properly set up and connected to the internet. Or a web space at a hosting provider, where the hosting provider is taking care of the web server.
As @JavierMR already said: The first thing where you need to use a programming language (like PHP, Python or Ruby, etc.) is on the server side, because the website will have reoccurring elements like menus that have to be placed on every page of the website, and you will usually not want to make every change on every page per hand. This can also be achieved by utilizing a pre-built CMS (Content Management System) like WordPress or the likes, which many hosting providers allow you to install on their website. By using a CMS or learning a server-side programming language yourself, you will then also be able to do more complex things, like storing data or user input in a database and retrieving that data again and showing it on the website (If you do that, take a good look at best practices and security guidelines, because as soon as you put something on the internet that takes data input, malicious forces will try to abuse it).
But ultimately you do not need all that to start making websites.