I've been stuck on that for a while now, and I've been carrying the fix you mentioned on different version of yocto, I wasn't proud because nobody else did that except me, so the problem was not yocto and was probably coming from elsewhere. When moving to scarthgap this fix was not doing his job anymore, so I had to find the root cause.

I was building my libraries with a Makefile like so:

lib:
    $(CC) -fPIC -c  $(LDFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CFILES)
    $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -shared -o libwhatever.so.1 $(OFILES)
    ln -sf libwhatever.so.1 libwhatever.so

What was missing is that I needed to add:

LDFLAGS += -Wl,-soname,libwhatever.so.1

so that yocto QA thingy is able to actually find the proper names directly inside the .so files.

If you want to verify if that fix is for you, you can check the SONAME like so:

readelf -d  tmp/work/<machine>/libwhatever/<PV>/image/usr/lib/libwhatever.so* | grep SONAME
 0x000000000000000e (SONAME)             Library soname: [libwhatever.so.1]

If you haven't anything from this command then you have the same issue I had and the above fix will work for you.