After doing some research, I found the cause of the problem. It was due to a version mismatch between the Platform and the Standard Subsystems Library (SSL).

My application was developed using Platform version 8.3.24.1819 and SSL version 3.1.10.386.

I uninstalled Platform 8.3.24.1819 and installed version 8.3.27.1508, which caused the issue I described in my initial post. From what I understand, this happened because the new platform version is not compatible with the SSL version (3.1.10.386) that was merged into my configuration.

I reinstalled Platform version 8.3.24.1819, ran my configuration again, and now everything works fine. 🙂