While Apple Shortcuts has some built-in actions to interact with Apple Numbers, unfortunately, it does not have any for google Sheets.
So we rely on the Google Sheets API to access the data in the sheet.
There are a few steps required to obtain the information you want from the API.
A rough outline for inspiration:
In order to access your google sheet, it needs to be published
then, get the contents of the API URL
Shortcuts action: Get contents of [URL]
then, get the value(s) of the desired cell(s)
Shortcuts action: Get [Value] for […] in [Contents of URL]
and finally show/examine the results
Shortcuts action to show [Dictionary Value]
This is the URL to get the value of a specific cell from a google Sheets file, returning a json dictionary:
http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/cells/[SheetID]/[sheet#]/public/full/R[row]C[column]?alt=json