I found what was different.
Originally, I had my folder structure like this:
The linker was specifically looking for what was inside the includes folder. Since you can add multiple lines in the additional directories setting, I thought this was the way I was supposed to do it. Not to mention, this very similar to how it was done in the video. Since what was inside the include folder was just the header files, it makes sense why I was getting #include <glfw3.h>.
After adding more libraries, I ended up reordering my structure to look like this instead:
The video itself ordered it's folder structure like this:
This confused me, and I'm not sure why the video decided to do it this way. The new way I organized my directory makes it sure that all I have to do is plop my files inside and not mess with the properties anymore, besides adding libraries to the linker > input setting.
After organizing my folders in the new way, my program uses #include <GLFW/glfw3.h> instead of #include <glfw3.h>.