I am using Git Bash on Windows 10. This is the same method suggested by @friism and @Samuel Matos, but uses a bash function instead of an alias.

In my .bash_aliases file I have defined the following function that simply calls the .exe file.

 function docker-start { /c/Program\ Files/Docker/Docker/Docker\ Desktop; } 

The thing to watch out for is the windows file paths.

This works in a non-privileged shell.