I believe, I found the issue with the help of some colleagues.

In the documentation it is stated here, why it might not work on Android: https://docs.swmansion.com/react-native-gesture-handler/docs/fundamentals/installation/#android

Though it is only in situations, where you are using Swipable inside Modal components. Otherwise, most likely, it doesn't work, because the root component, where your ListItem is located under, doesn't have the context anymore. This is typical for Navigation, Modal, etc., which create their own hierarchy, independent of the root components in App.js.