I have exactly the same issue as you guys. I also updated everything to the latest (Studio, NDK, SDK, CMake) without any change.
Android Java/Kotlin breakpoints work fine for me. Funny enough, when I press the "pause" button on native debugging, the native thread gets paused but I can't hit any breakpoints. When testing Android 15 beta a while back on my Pixel 7, I had similar issues. But that has been sorted out with the Android 16 beta. I think Samsung inherited that from AOP. I already created a ticket on the Samsung issue tracker with sample code and a video. Hope to get some feedback soon.
So far NOT working:
S24 Ultra after update to Android 15 (same device was working before when running Android 14)
S25 Android 15
Working:
S24 Plus Android 15
S20 Android 14
Pixel 9 Android 16 beta