I think the problem was, that the boost library was built using 64 bit time value. (struct timespec)

And when compiling my application against this library it was built using 32 bit time value.

Unfortunately I can not tell 100% what / where exactly it happened, but I imagine a 64 bit value was assigned to a 32 bit value which led to a negative value as timespec.tv_usec parameter for pthread_cond_timedwait.

Using _TIME_BITS=32 when compiling boost respectively _TIME_BITS=64 when compiling the application solves the problem.

FYI: According to gnu.org _FILE_OFFSET_BITS has to be set if _TIME_BITS is used.