There are several ways to undo the most recent commits in Git depending on whether you want to keep the changes or delete them entirely.

# 1. Undo the last commit but keep the changes in your working directory

git reset --soft HEAD~1

The last commit is undone.

All changes from that commit stay staged (in index).

If you want them unstaged (just in working dir), use:

git reset HEAD~1

# 2. Undo the last commit and discard the changes completely

git reset --hard HEAD~1

This will delete the last commit and its changes from your working directory.

# 3. Undo multiple commits (e.g., last 3 commits)

git reset --hard HEAD~3

Or keep the changes:

git reset --soft HEAD~3

# 4. If the commits are already pushed, use git revert instead

To undo a pushed commit safely (without rewriting history):

git revert HEAD

This will create a new commit that "reverses" the changes made by the last one.