Does java.util.regex.Pattern, java.util.pattern.Matcher have some "verbatim" mode?

No, Patterns in Java do not have a verbatim or "literal mode" like some other languages. But Java provides an official way to achieve the same effect: using the Pattern.LITERAL flag.

Try to use Pattern.LITERAL:

Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("\\", Pattern.LITERAL);

Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher("\\");

boolean hasMatch = matcher.find();

assertTrue(hasMatch);

assertEquals("\\", matcher.group());