Upon reading Sandeep Ponia's answer, I went checking node-sass releases notes where I noticed my version of node was no longer compatible with the version of node-sass used by some dependencies' dependencies; I had updated to node v22.14.0 but node-sass was still running on v6.0.1 which only supports up to node v16.

Since it's not a direct dependency but a nested dependency, to solve this issue, I updated my package.json to override node-sass version in the devDependencies, which is a feature available since node v16:

{
    ...
    "overrides": {
        "[dependency name]": {
            "node-sass": "^9.0.0"
        },
        "node-sass": "^9.0.0"
    }
}