In Cinnamon 22.1, you can achieve the desired result with two keyboard shortcuts: Super + C for centering the window and Super + V for vertical maximization, after enabling them.
The steps to assign the shortcuts are:
Open the desktop Menu → Keyboard → Shortcuts. In the left sidebar: go to Spices → Calendar → Instance 1, change or remove the default shortcut for Show Calendar (Super + C). I set it to Super + K.
If you have other Calendar Instances, change the shortcut accordingly to free the Super + C shortcut.
In the left sidebar: go to Windows, assign Super + V to "Toggle vertical maximization".
In the left sidebar: go to Windows → Positioning, assign Super + C to "Center window in screen".
Note that with the Center Window shortcut, it's not possible to center a window after you tiled it using Super + Arrow (e.g., tiling to the left with Super + L and then pressing Super + C). As a workaround, if you have a fullscreen application, drag it wherever you want and set your preferred width with the mouse. Finally, press Super + C and Super + V.