I use scoop to install RabbitMQ, I also encountered this error. Here is my solution

scoop uninstall rabbitmq
# Maybe need to stop "epmd.exe" first before run the command
scoop uninstall erlang
# if install not use  administrative account before, delete "C:\Windows\System32\config\systemprofile\.erlang.cookie"
# use administrative account Terminal.
scoop install rabbitmq

rabbitmq-service install

rabbitmq-service start

As @aidan answer. This problem occurred because the two erlang.cookie files did not match. If you don't want reinstall, copy file will work.

Follow the official documentation Installing on Windows, Erlang must be installed using an administrative account. And RabbitMQ is highly recommended installed as an administrative account.