I was able to define a working Dockerfile that builds and run a maven application:

Used the following docker image tags:

for building maven package: https://hub.docker.com/layers/library/maven/3.8.5-openjdk-17/images/sha256-62e6a9e10fb57f3019adeea481339c999930e7363f2468d1f51a7c0be4bca26d

for running jar file: https://hub.docker.com/layers/library/openjdk/17-jdk-alpine/images/sha256-a996cdcc040704ec6badaf5fecf1e144c096e00231a29188596c784bcf858d05

# BUILD STAGE
FROM maven:3.8.5-openjdk-17 AS build
WORKDIR /home/app
COPY pom.xml /home/app
COPY src /home/app/src
RUN mvn -f /home/app/pom.xml clean package

# RUN STAGE
FROM openjdk:17-jdk-alpine
COPY --from=build /home/app/target/*.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-Xmx2048M", "-jar", "app.jar"]

(Thks to @khmarbaise comment)