I could avoid this problem by importing the bundled version from the /dist/ folder like this:

import {MindARThree} from "mind-ar/dist/mindar-image-three.prod.js";

and use it like this:

const mindarThree = new MindARThree({
  container: document.body,
  imageTargetSrc: "./card.mind",
  renderer: gl,
  scene: scene,
  camera: camera,
});