its a very old post, but I needed this as well.
I knew I made quite a big query earlier today, and I forgot to save it and when I came back to my PC, I saw it shut of by my soon.

I've been looking for a while, but finally found a solution. Here are the steps to find any "lost" query (.sql) that was made use Sql Server Management Studio, in the past 7 days (default). It can be increased to 30.

I did not found the path on which my "unsaved queries" were stored my SSMS. So I did the following:

• Open SSMS

• Goto Environment > Autorecover, set it to 1 minute and 30 days. Ok & close

• Create a new query, select * from dbName.scheme.tablename, and wait 1 minute (or the time that is in the auto recover

• Force close the SSMS.exe by ending the task, or killing the ssms.exe process via task manager

• Relaunch SSMS as usual, and u should get a popup asking you to recover your previous query/queries. (--> SSMS AutoRecover SCreenshot)

• Here you can see the path on which SSMS stores the "autorecover" files. In my case it was
  C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Microsoft\SSMS\BackupFiles\Solution1

• Open this folder in windows explorer, and you see all kinds of recovered-monthname-day-year-xxxx.sql files.

• If you dont wont to open all sql files 1 by 1, to see which is the query you need, use a tool like notepad++ or even SSMS it self, using CTRL + F, and search in files. Specify the directory from above, and search a tablename or something specific you remember using in the query you are searching for

  Enjoy ! <3