In Android Studio Ladybug 2024.2.1 or IntelliJ IDEA, this error can happen even if you have Java 21 installed and enabled by default. For example, you could set your $JAVA_HOME environment variable to use the JDK that comes from Android Studio, using this guide Using JDK that is bundled inside Android Studio as JAVA_HOME on Mac :

# For ~/.bash_profile or ~/.zshrc
export JAVA_HOME="/Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jbr/Contents/Home"

But for some reason, an Android project that declares that it needs Java 17 in a build.gradle file cannot be compiled with Java 21.

java {
  sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_17
  targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_17
}

kotlin {
  jvmToolchain(17)
}

You'll see an error like this when you try to build the app:

org.gradle.jvm.toolchain.internal.NoToolchainAvailableException:
No matching toolchains found for requested specification:
{languageVersion=17, vendor=any, implementation=vendor-specific} for MAC_OS on aarch64.

Could not determine the dependencies of task ':app:compileKotlin'.
> No locally installed toolchains match and toolchain download repositories have not been configured.

The solution is to download a specific Java 17 JDK/SDK manually, and make your project use it:

• Android Studio ➔ File ➔ Settings (Windows/Linux). Android Studio ➔ Settings (MacOS).
• Search for 'gradle' in the top-left of the Settings dialog.
• Navigate to Build, Execution, Deployment ➔ Build Tools ➔ Gradle ➔ Gradle Projects ➔ Gradle JDK ➔ Download JDK...

• Pick any Java 17 JDK to download it.

• It will be available to use as soon as the download has finished. Then use Android Studio ➔ Build ➔ Make Project.
• See also:
  • Android Studio Error "Android Gradle plugin requires Java 11 to run. You are currently using Java 1.8"
  • How do I change the IntelliJ IDEA default JDK?