Looking into gcloud compute images list | grep ubuntu | grep 2404 I have found that they added -amd64 / -arm64 suffixes the to image name. So the proper image for me was ubuntu-os-cloud/ubuntu-2404-lts-amd64:

boot_disk {
  initialize_params {
    image  = "ubuntu-os-cloud/ubuntu-2404-lts-amd64"
  }
}