I eventually found a solution.
I think it's not clean but it works.
It use Installing the SageMath Jupyter Kernel and Extensions
venv/bin/python
>>> from sage.all import *
>>> from sage.repl.ipython_kernel.install import SageKernelSpec
>>> prefix = tmp_dir()
>>> spec = SageKernelSpec(prefix=prefix)
>>> spec.kernel_spec()
I correct each error by a symbolic link.
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/python3.13/site-packages/sage venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/python3.13/site-packages/cysignals venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/python3.13/site-packages/gmpy2 venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/python3.13/site-packages/cypari2 venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/python3.13/site-packages/memory_allocator
And finally,
\>>> spec.kernel_spec()
{'argv': ['venv/bin/sage', '--python', '-m', 'sage.repl.ipython_kernel', '-f', '{connection_file}'], 'display_name': 'SageMath 10.7', 'language': 'sage'}
I put this ting in
/usr/share/jupyter/kernels/sagemath/kernel.json.in
And it works.