In short: No, variable name lengths usually do not matter.

Interpreted languages usually parse variable names and assign IDs or some other form of identifier, so usually all variable names tend to end up with names of the same lengths internally.

There are a few other performance concerns that may arise depending on database access, data transfer, and so on. Since some of these processes might actually involve the storage or transfer of these huge variable names, it would indeed slow down the process, increase the amount of data transferred and various other issues. Normally though? A variable name that isn't 200+ characters barely makes a difference and i don't know if 200 characters would already even be measurable in useful frames of reference.

Just be advised that long names can hurt readability.
Hope this answers your question!