• Human tuberculosis (TB) is considered one of the significant public health challenges worldwide [1], even with treatment options available [2].

• In 2018, the disease accounted for 1.6 million deaths and 10 million new cases globally, making it the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent [1].

• This lethal disease is caused by an infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) [3], [4], which is part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) [3], [5], [6] and is known for its slow growth and potential for latent infection [3].

• According to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2019), approximately one-fourth of the global population is latently infected with TB [1].

• The rise of drug-resistant strains and co-infections significantly contributes to the mortality and morbidity associated with TB [1], [2].

• These factors highlight the ongoing challenges in controlling and treating tuberculosis effectively.