Yes, this can likely be done with a Docusign CLM Document Smart Rule, but it requires a more advanced configuration using XPath within the Rename action to dynamically capture the parent folder name and retain the original document name.
Your previous attempt failed because the "Rename" action, when used with a literal value, completely replaces the document name instead of appending or prepending to it.
You can refer to this link for an example: https://community.docusign.com/clm-112/rename-documents-using-attributes-2845
Thanks and regards,
Mahmoud