Have you referred to the steps here: https://docs.stripe.com/payments/existing-customers?platform=web&ui=stripe-hosted#prefill-payment-fields?

As far as I know, Checkout is in payment or subscription mode supports prefilling card payment method.

If you're followed the steps and your payment method isn't display, you'd probably want to contact Stripe support with your checkout session and the collected payment method ID so that their team can look into why the payment method wasn't redisplayed.