Simple Solution found

@SpringBootTest(properties = "scheduling.enabled=false")

in the Integration test class and

@ConditionalOnProperty(
    name = "scheduling.enabled",
    havingValue = "true",
    matchIfMissing = true  // default: scheduling is active
)

in the class containing @Scheduled methods.

@EnableScheduling is not affected by this and does not affects this, I moved the annotation back to AppConfig and removed SchedulingConfig.