I also encountered the same problem and spent a long time troubleshooting it, but I’ve finally solved it.
The root cause of the issue was that Cloudflare returned a very poor-quality IP node for the domain.
From Cloudflare’s publicly listed IP ranges https://www.cloudflare.com/ips-v4/, I selected a high-quality IP node and added it to my Windows hosts file — that completely fixed the problem.
