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As of November 2025, Gitlab CI supports defining dependencies on a granular level when working with parallel/matrix.

stages:
  - prepare
  - build
  - test

.full_matrix: &full_matrix
  parallel:
    matrix:
      - PLATFORM: ["linux", "windows", "macos"]
        VERSION: ["16", "18", "20"]

.platform_only: &platform_only
  parallel:
    matrix:
      - PLATFORM: ["linux", "windows", "macos"]

prepare_env:
  stage: prepare
  script:
    - echo "Preparing $PLATFORM with Node.js $VERSION"
  <<: *full_matrix

build_project:
  stage: build
  script:
    - echo "Building on $PLATFORM"
  needs:
    - job: prepare_env
      parallel:
        matrix:
          - PLATFORM: ['$[[ matrix.PLATFORM ]]']
            VERSION: ["18"]  # Only depend on Node.js 18 preparations
  <<: *platform_only

Source: https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/yaml/matrix_expressions/#use-a-subset-of-values

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