I repeated the steps with Intelij (same as any other JetBrains' products, such as Rider). It works perfectly. For the context, the built-in SQLite driver in JetBrains IDEs does not support SQLCipher encryption. The reason you see that error is simply because that default sqlite driver just see your encrypted database as a bunch of random bytes with no meaning.

First, download the sqlite-jdbc-crypt (I downloaded sqlite-jdbc-3.50.1.0.jar)

Second, define a custom driver:

Third, add your driver file that you downloaded from the first step

It must look like this:

Then, use that recently added driver as your "Data Source".

Finally, add a url like this containing the address to your encrypted sqlite db file, your key, kdf_iter, etc: jdbc:sqlite:file:/home/USER/test_database_v4.db?cipher=sqlcipher&legacy=4&kdf_iter=256000&cipher_page_size=4096&key=mySecretPassword123

That's it!