It does not support:

• Right-to-left (RTL) direction

• Arabic glyph shaping (letters change form depending on position)

So even though your string is correct in Python, FPDF draws characters as isolated shapes from left to right.

To correctly render Arabic in FPDF, you must reshape + reorder the text manually before passing it to FPDF.

You need two Python packages:

pip install arabic-reshaper python-bidi

Working Example (Python + FPDF)

from fpdf import FPDF

import arabic_reshaper

from bidi.algorithm import get_display

# your Arabic text

text = "هذا نص تجريبي باللغة العربية."

# 1. reshape letters

reshaped_text = arabic_reshaper.reshape(text)

# 2. reorder text for RTL

bidi_text = get_display(reshaped_text)

pdf = FPDF()

pdf.add_page()

# Add an Arabic TTF font

pdf.add_font('Arial', '', 'arial.ttf', uni=True)

pdf.set_font('Arial', size=16)

pdf.write(10, bidi_text)

pdf.output("arabic_test.pdf")